Five quite different things are described in scheme correspondence as varying the management rights. They are governed by different provisions, decided by different organs, and carry different consequences if they are done wrongly. Sorting them at the outset resolves most of the difficulty.在社區產權項目的往來文件中，有五類性質截然不同的事情被統稱為「變更管理權」。它們受不同條文規管、由不同機關決定，處理失當時的後果亦各異。及早加以區分，即可解決大部分困難。
1.1The five things called variation被稱為變更的五類事項
被稱為變更的五類事項The five things called variation
| MECHANISM機制 | WHAT IT DOES作用 | WHO DECIDES決策機關 |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise of an option行使選擇權 | Brings into effect a term already granted使已授予的年期生效 | The manager, by notice由管理人發出通知 |
| Top-up續期補足 | Adds a new right or option of extension新增延期權利或選擇權 | General meeting業主大會 |
| Amendment of other terms其他條款的修訂 | Changes duties, remuneration or conditions更改職責、報酬或條件 | General meeting業主大會 |
| Statutory review法定檢討 | Reviews a developer-arranged service contract檢討由發展商安排的服務合約 | Statutory procedure法定程序 |
| Change of regulation module更改規管模組 | Changes the governing module prospectively在其後改變適用模組 | General meeting業主大會 |
The distinction that matters most is between the first and the second. An option is a right the body corporate has already granted; exercising it is a unilateral act by the manager within the existing contract, and the body corporate has no vote. A top-up creates something that does not yet exist, and it requires the owners to agree.其中最關鍵的區別，在於首兩項之間。選擇權是業主法人團體已授予的權利，管理人行使該權利屬現有合約範圍內的單方面行為，業主法人團體並無表決權；續期補足則創設尚未存在的權利，須經業主同意。
1.2Why variations are sought尋求變更的原因
尋求變更的原因Why variations are sought
Most top-up motions are driven by finance rather than by operations. Lenders in this sector assess the unexpired term, and a business approaching the point at which it cannot be refinanced or sold is a business whose owner needs a resolution. Purchasers and their financiers apply the same pressure during a sale.大部分續期補足動議的驅動因素是融資而非營運。此行業的貸款機構會評估餘下年期；業務若接近無法再融資或無法出售的臨界點，其擁有人便需要一項決議。買方及其融資機構在交易期間亦會施加同樣壓力。
Variations of duties and remuneration have a different origin. They usually reflect drift: the building has changed, the plant inventory has grown, a pool or a gym has been added, or the schedule was drafted for a smaller scheme than the one that now exists. That drift is a legitimate subject for amendment, and it is the category in which body corporate and manager interests are most often aligned.職責及報酬的變更則另有成因，通常反映的是「偏離」：大廈已改變、機電設備增加、新增泳池或健身室，或職責清單原是為規模較小的社區產權項目而擬。此種偏離是修訂的正當事由，亦是業主法人團體與管理人利益最常一致的類別。
1.3Form requirements survive the variation變更後仍須符合形式要求
變更後仍須符合形式要求Form requirements survive the variation
Sections 137 and 138 of the Standard Module prescribe the form of an engagement and an authorisation. The instrument must be in writing and must state, among other things, the start and end of the term and any right or option of extension or renewal, the services to be supplied, and how remuneration is calculated. A variation that leaves the amended instrument unable to satisfy those requirements has created a problem larger than the one it solved.標準規管模組第137及138條訂明聘任合約及授權的形式要求。有關文件須以書面訂立，並須載明（其中包括）年期的起訖、任何延期或續期的權利或選擇權、須提供的服務，以及報酬的計算方式。變更後如令經修訂的文件無法符合該等要求，所製造的問題將大於其所解決的問題。
In practice this means the variation should be documented as a deed of variation that restates the amended provisions clearly, executed by both parties, and placed on the body corporate record. A resolution passed but never documented is a recurring source of dispute when the business is next sold and a purchaser's solicitor asks to see the current terms.實務上，變更應以變更契據記錄，清晰重述經修訂的條文，由雙方簽立，並存放於業主法人團體記錄。若決議已通過卻從未作成文件，在業務下次出售、買方律師要求查閱現行條款時，往往成為爭議來源。
What counts as a 'variation' of management rights in Queensland?在昆士蘭，甚麼事情算是「變更」管理權？
The guide identifies five different things that scheme correspondence loosely calls varying the management rights: the exercise of an option, a top-up, an amendment of other terms (duties, remuneration or conditions), a statutory review of a developer-arranged service contract, and a change of regulation module. They are governed by different provisions and decided by different organs: an option is exercised by the manager by notice, a statutory review follows a statutory procedure, and a top-up, an amendment and a change of module each need a general meeting. Sorting out which one is proposed at the outset resolves most of the difficulty.本指南指出，社區產權項目的往來文件中有五類性質截然不同的事情被統稱為「變更管理權」：行使選擇權、續期補足、其他條款的修訂（職責、報酬或條件）、發展商安排的服務合約的法定檢討，以及更改規管模組。它們受不同條文規管、由不同機關決定：選擇權由管理人發出通知行使，法定檢討依法定程序進行，而續期補足、修訂及更改規管模組則各須經業主大會決定。及早分清所提出的屬哪一類，即可解決大部分困難。
What is the difference between exercising an option and a top-up under a Queensland management rights agreement?在昆士蘭管理權合約下，行使選擇權與續期補足有何分別？
An option is a right the body corporate has already granted; exercising it is a unilateral act by the manager within the existing contract, done by notice, and the body corporate has no vote. A top-up creates a new right or option of extension that does not yet exist, so it requires the owners to agree by resolution at a general meeting. Only a top-up and an amendment need a fresh decision of the owners.選擇權是業主法人團體已授予的權利；管理人行使該權利屬現有合約範圍內的單方面行為，以發出通知的方式進行，業主法人團體並無表決權。續期補足則創設尚未存在的新延期權利或選擇權，因此須經業主在業主大會上以決議同意。只有續期補足及修訂須由業主重新作出決定。
If a Queensland resident manager misses the deadline to exercise an option, can they get the term back with a top-up?昆士蘭駐場管理人若錯過行使選擇權的期限，可否以續期補足取回該年期？
Not as of right. According to the guide, a manager who lets an option lapse cannot recover it by a top-up as of right, because the lapse converts a contractual entitlement into a request the owners may refuse. The term can only be restored if the owners agree to a top-up at a general meeting.不能作為權利取回。本指南指出，管理人若任由選擇權失效，不能以續期補足作為權利予以取回，因為該失效會把合約權利轉化為業主可予拒絕的請求。年期只有在業主於業主大會上同意續期補足時方可恢復。
Why do managers ask for a management rights top-up in Queensland?為何昆士蘭的管理人會要求管理權續期補足？
Most top-up motions are driven by finance rather than operations: lenders in this sector assess the unexpired term, and a business approaching the point at which it cannot be refinanced or sold needs a resolution, with purchasers and their financiers applying the same pressure during a sale. Variations of duties and remuneration have a different origin and usually reflect drift, where the building has changed, the plant inventory has grown, a pool or gym has been added, or the schedule was drafted for a smaller scheme. The guide describes that drift as a legitimate subject for amendment and the category in which body corporate and manager interests are most often aligned.大部分續期補足動議的驅動因素是融資而非營運：此行業的貸款機構會評估餘下年期，業務若接近無法再融資或無法出售的臨界點，便需要一項決議，而買方及其融資機構在交易期間亦會施加同樣壓力。職責及報酬的變更則另有成因，通常反映「偏離」：大廈已改變、機電設備增加、新增泳池或健身室，或職責清單原是為規模較小的社區產權項目而擬。本指南認為此種偏離是修訂的正當事由，亦是業主法人團體與管理人利益最常一致的類別。
Does a management rights variation in Queensland need to be documented as a deed of variation?昆士蘭的管理權變更是否須以變更契據記錄？
The guide says the variation should be documented as a deed of variation that clearly restates the amended provisions, executed by both parties and placed on the body corporate record. Sections 137 and 138 of the Standard Module require the engagement or authorisation to be in writing and to state, among other things, the start and end of the term, any right or option of extension or renewal, the services to be supplied and how remuneration is calculated, and a variation that leaves the amended instrument unable to satisfy those requirements creates a bigger problem than it solved. A resolution passed but never documented is a recurring source of dispute when the business is next sold and a purchaser's solicitor asks to see the current terms.本指南指出，變更應以變更契據記錄，清晰重述經修訂的條文，由雙方簽立，並存放於業主法人團體記錄。標準規管模組第137及138條規定聘任合約或授權須以書面訂立，並須載明（其中包括）年期的起訖、任何延期或續期的權利或選擇權、須提供的服務，以及報酬的計算方式；變更後如令經修訂的文件無法符合該等要求，所製造的問題將大於其所解決的問題。若決議已通過卻從未作成文件，在業務下次出售、買方律師要求查閱現行條款時，往往成為爭議來源。
This guide is general educational information, not legal, financial, tax or investment advice. Whether a particular variation is available, and how it must be approved, depends on the actual engagement or authorisation, the community management statement, the applicable regulation module and current law. Obtain independent Queensland legal advice before submitting a motion, voting on one, or executing a deed of variation. Where the English and Chinese texts differ, the English text governs. 本指南僅提供一般教育資訊，並非法律、財務、稅務或投資意見。某項變更是否可行及須如何批准，取決於實際的聘任合約或授權、社區管理聲明、適用的規管模組及現行法例。提交動議、就動議表決或簽立變更契據前，應取得獨立的昆士蘭法律意見。如中英文本有異，概以英文為準。