2.1Part of the lot作為單元一部分的車位
作為單元一部分的車位Part of the lot
The strongest arrangement is also the simplest. The car space lies inside the boundaries of the lot as those boundaries are drawn on the registered survey plan. In a building format plan — the format used for most apartment buildings, where boundaries are the structural elements of the building — a lot may be defined in two or more parts. Lot 12 is then the apartment on level 6 and the car space in the basement, both parts of the one lot.最強的安排同時也是最簡單的。車位位於登記測量圖上該單元界線之內。在建築格式測量圖中——此為多數公寓大樓所採用的格式，其界線即為建築物的結構構件——一個單元可由兩個或以上的部分構成。如此，第12單元即由六樓的住宅與地下室的車位共同組成，二者同屬一個單元。
One title issues for the lot. One set of lot entitlements attaches to it. One levy is struck against it and one rate notice is issued for it. On a sale the car space passes with the apartment because it is the same lot: it does not need to be mentioned in the contract for it to pass, although it should be described accurately anyway.該單元僅核發一份產權證書、僅附有一組分攤權益、僅課徵一份管理費、僅核發一份市政稅單。出售時，車位隨住宅一併移轉，因二者本屬同一單元：縱使契約未予提及，車位仍隨之移轉，惟仍應在契約中準確描述。
Nothing the body corporate resolves can take the space away. The by-laws still regulate how it is used, and the body corporate retains its statutory power to enter a lot in the circumstances the Act allows (s 163), but the space itself is the owner's land.業主法人團體的任何決議均無法剝奪該車位。管理規約仍規範其使用方式，業主法人團體亦仍保有法律所允許情形下進入單元的法定權限（第163條），但車位本身即為業主的土地。
In a standard format plan scheme — townhouses and villas, where boundaries are marked on the ground — the same logic applies to a driveway or hardstand within the lot. In a volumetric format plan the boundary is a defined three-dimensional volume, which is how a car space in a shared podium is sometimes cut out and attached to a lot above.在標準格式測量圖的計劃中——即界線標示於地面的聯排住宅與獨立式住宅——同一原理適用於單元範圍內的車道或硬鋪面。在立體格式測量圖中，界線為經界定的三維空間，共用平台中的車位有時即以此方式劃出，並附隨於上方的單元。
2.2A separate lot作為獨立單元的車位
作為獨立單元的車位A separate lot
The second on-title arrangement gives the car space its own lot number, its own indefeasible title and its own place in the scheme. It is a lot like any other lot, and that is both its advantage and its cost.第二種登記於產權之上的安排，賦予車位自身的單元編號、獨立且不可推翻的產權，以及在該計劃中的獨立地位。它與其他任何單元無異——這既是其優點，也是其代價。
The advantage is liquidity. A separate car park lot can be sold to another owner in the scheme, mortgaged, leased on its own and dealt with independently of any apartment. In buildings where parking is scarce, that flexibility is worth real money.其優點在於流通性。獨立的車位單元可出售予計劃內其他業主、可設定抵押、可單獨出租，並可獨立於任何住宅單元而為處分。在車位稀缺的大樓中，此種彈性具有可觀的價值。
The cost is that the scheme has to carry it. A separate lot has contribution schedule and interest schedule lot entitlements, so it attracts its own share of administrative fund and sinking fund levies and its own share of the insurable value. It is counted for voting and for quorum. It usually attracts its own local government rate notice. It adds a lot to the scheme for every purpose the Act measures by lots.其代價則在於該計劃必須承擔之。獨立單元擁有出資表分攤權益與權益表分攤權益，因而須負擔其應分攤的行政基金與償債基金管理費，並分擔保險價值。該單元於表決及法定人數計算時均計入，通常亦會收到獨立的地方政府稅單，並在法律以單元數為衡量標準的一切事項上增加一個單元。
The other cost is the one that surprises people at settlement. Because the car park is a separate lot, it does not pass with the apartment unless it is sold with the apartment. It must be described in the contract and it must appear in the transfer. A contract that recites "Lot 12 on SP 123456" and says nothing about Lot 112 conveys the apartment alone, and the seller walks away still owning the car space.另一項代價，則往往於交割時令人措手不及。由於車位為獨立單元，除非與住宅單元一併出售，否則不隨住宅單元移轉。車位必須在契約中載明，並必須出現於移轉文件之上。契約若僅載明「SP123456之第12單元」而對第112單元隻字未提，則僅移轉住宅單元，賣方於交割後仍保有該車位。
2.3What on-title ownership does not give you登記於產權之上所不包括者
登記於產權之上所不包括者What on-title ownership does not give you
On-title ownership is not immunity from the scheme. The by-laws regulate what may be done in and around the space, and a by-law that regulates use is valid even though the space is the owner's land. Parking a derelict vehicle, storing goods that create a fire risk, or running a business from the space can each breach the by-laws.登記於產權之上並不代表可豁免於計劃的規範。管理規約規範車位及其周邊得為之行為，縱使車位為業主的土地，規範其使用方式的管理規約仍屬有效。停放廢棄車輛、堆放具火災風險的物品，或於車位經營業務，均可能違反管理規約。
Nor does it give access. The space is reached across common property, and the right of access is the ordinary right of an owner to use common property — it is not an easement the owner controls. Where a scheme proposes to change the layout of a basement, an on-title owner's protection lies in the requirement that the body corporate act reasonably and not unreasonably interfere with access, not in a proprietary right of way.登記於產權之上亦不當然賦予通行權。車位須經共用部分抵達，而該通行權僅為業主使用共用部分的一般權利，並非業主所控制的地役權。計劃擬變更地下停車場配置時，登記於產權之上的業主，其保障來自業主法人團體必須合理行事、不得不合理妨礙通行的要求，而非來自物權性質的通行權。
What does it mean when a car park is "part of the lot" on a Queensland building format plan?在昆士蘭的建築格式測量圖中，車位「屬於單元的一部分」是什麼意思？
It means the car space lies inside the lot boundaries as drawn on the registered survey plan. In a building format plan, the format used for most apartment buildings, a lot may be defined in two or more parts, so Lot 12 can be the apartment on level 6 and the car space in the basement as parts of the one lot. One title issues for the lot, with one set of lot entitlements, one levy and one rate notice, and nothing the body corporate resolves can take the space away. On a sale the car space passes with the apartment because it is the same lot, although it should still be described accurately in the contract.這表示車位位於登記測量圖上所繪該單元的界線之內。在建築格式測量圖中——此為多數公寓大樓所採用的格式——一個單元可由兩個或以上的部分構成，因此第12單元可由六樓的住宅與地下室的車位共同組成，二者同屬一個單元。該單元僅核發一份產權、附有一組分攤權益、課徵一份管理費、核發一份市政稅單，且業主法人團體的任何決議均無法剝奪該車位。出售時，車位隨住宅一併移轉，因二者本屬同一單元，惟仍應在契約中準確描述。
If my car space is part of my lot, do I also own the slab and the services running through it?若車位屬於我的單元的一部分，其下的樓板及貫穿其間的管線是否也歸我所有？
Not necessarily. On a building format plan the boundary is generally the finished surface, so the slab beneath, the structure above and the services running through the space remain common property and remain the body corporate's to maintain. An owner who bolts a car stacker to a common property slab is altering common property, not their own lot.未必。在建築格式測量圖中，界線一般為完成面，因此其下的樓板、其上的結構及貫穿其間的管線仍屬共用部分，仍由業主法人團體負責維護。業主若將雙層停車設備固定於共用部分的樓板上，即為變更共用部分，而非變更自身單元。
What are the advantages and costs of holding a car park as a separate lot in Queensland?在昆士蘭以獨立單元持有車位有何優點與代價？
A separate car park lot has its own lot number, its own indefeasible title and its own place in the scheme. The advantage is liquidity: it can be sold to another owner in the scheme, mortgaged, leased on its own and dealt with independently of any apartment, which is worth real money where parking is scarce. The cost is that the scheme has to carry it: the lot has its own contribution and interest schedule lot entitlements, its own share of administrative and sinking fund levies and insurable value, it counts for voting and quorum, and it usually attracts its own local government rate notice. The guide also notes that duty and concession consequences of buying an apartment and a separate car park lot together are not always what the buyer assumes, and should be confirmed with the Queensland Revenue Office before the contract is signed.獨立車位單元擁有自身的單元編號、獨立且不可推翻的產權，以及在該計劃中的獨立地位。其優點在於流通性：可出售予計劃內其他業主、可設定抵押、可單獨出租，並可獨立於任何住宅單元而為處分，在車位稀缺的大樓中具有可觀的價值。其代價在於該計劃必須承擔之：該單元擁有出資表與權益表分攤權益、須負擔其應分攤的行政基金與償債基金管理費及保險價值、於表決及法定人數計算時均計入，且通常會收到獨立的地方政府稅單。本指南並指出，於同一交易中取得住宅單元及獨立車位單元時，其印花稅與優惠的後果未必如買方所想，宜於簽約前向昆士蘭稅務局確認。
Does a separate car park lot automatically pass with the apartment when I sell in Queensland?在昆士蘭出售住宅單元時，獨立車位單元是否會自動隨之移轉？
No. Because the car park is a separate lot, it does not pass with the apartment unless it is sold with the apartment: it must be described in the contract and it must appear in the transfer. A contract that recites "Lot 12 on SP 123456" and says nothing about Lot 112 conveys the apartment alone, and the seller walks away still owning the car space.不會。由於車位為獨立單元，除非與住宅單元一併出售，否則不隨住宅單元移轉：車位必須在契約中載明，並必須出現於移轉文件之上。契約若僅載明「SP 123456 之第12單元」而對第112單元隻字未提，則僅移轉住宅單元，賣方於交割後仍保有該車位。
If my Queensland car park is on title, can the body corporate still regulate how I use it?若我在昆士蘭的車位登記於產權之上，業主法人團體是否仍能規範其使用？
Yes. On-title ownership is not immunity from the scheme: the by-laws regulate what may be done in and around the space, and a by-law that regulates use is valid even though the space is the owner's land, so parking a derelict vehicle, storing goods that create a fire risk or running a business from the space can each breach the by-laws. On-title ownership also does not give a proprietary right of access: the space is reached across common property under the ordinary right of an owner to use common property, and if the scheme proposes to change the basement layout, the owner's protection lies in the requirement that the body corporate act reasonably and not unreasonably interfere with access.可以。登記於產權之上並不代表可豁免於計劃的規範：管理規約規範車位及其周邊得為之行為，縱使車位為業主的土地，規範其使用方式的管理規約仍屬有效，故停放廢棄車輛、堆放具火災風險的物品，或於車位經營業務，均可能違反管理規約。登記於產權之上亦不當然賦予物權性質的通行權：車位須經共用部分抵達，其通行權僅為業主使用共用部分的一般權利；計劃擬變更地下停車場配置時，業主的保障來自業主法人團體必須合理行事、不得不合理妨礙通行的要求。
This guide is general information about Queensland law. It is not legal advice and cannot be relied on as advice about any particular scheme, lot or transaction. Schemes differ, and the answer for any given car space is found in that scheme’s own survey plan, community management statement and body corporate records. Obtain independent Queensland legal advice before signing, settling, or changing a parking arrangement. Where the English and Chinese texts differ, the English text governs. 本指南為昆士蘭法律之一般性資訊，並非法律意見，亦不得作為就任何特定計劃、單元或交易的意見。各計劃情況不同，任何車位的答案，須從該計劃本身的測量圖則、社區管理聲明及業主法人團體紀錄中尋找。簽署契約、辦理交割或變更車位安排前，應取得獨立的昆士蘭法律意見。如中英文本有異，概以英文為準。