Car parking · Illustrated bilingual guide

Exclusive Use versus On-Title Car Parks.專用使用車位與登記於產權之上的車位。

Ten chapters on how a car space is held in a Queensland community titles scheme: part of the lot, a separate lot, an exclusive use by-law, or a licence, and what turns on the difference when buying, owning, renting out, selling and changing the arrangement later. With a glossary of the terms used. Written in English and Traditional Chinese, with 6 figures.十章講解昆士蘭社區產權計劃中車位的持有方式：單元的一部分、獨立單元、專用使用管理規約或使用許可，以及在買受、持有、出租、出售及嗣後變更安排時，此一差異所帶來的法律後果。附本指南所用名詞對照。中英對照，附6幅圖表。

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Reader note

This guide is general information about Queensland law. It is not legal advice and cannot be relied on as advice about any particular scheme, lot or transaction. Schemes differ, and the answer for any given car space is found in that scheme’s own survey plan, community management statement and body corporate records. Obtain independent Queensland legal advice before signing, settling, or changing a parking arrangement.本指南為昆士蘭法律之一般性資訊，並非法律意見，亦不得作為就任何特定計劃、單元或交易的意見。各計劃情況不同，任何車位的答案，須從該計劃本身的測量圖則、社區管理聲明及業主法人團體紀錄中尋找。簽署契約、辦理交割或變更車位安排前，應取得獨立的昆士蘭法律意見。

How the chapters are bound

Every chapter can be downloaded on its own. Each standalone PDF carries a chapter cover, the note to the reader, the author profile, the guide’s glossary of terms and the partner’s closing test, so it reads alone and still sits consistently beside the other chapters. Page and figure numbers follow the complete guide.每一章均可單獨下載。每份獨立PDF均附章節封面、致讀者、作者簡介、本指南所用名詞對照及合夥人最終測試，既可單獨閱讀，亦與其他各章保持一致。頁碼及圖表編號沿用全書。

Contents

Ten chapters. Read online, or download.十章。可線上閱讀，亦可下載。

01

Four ways a car park is held車位的四種持有方式

車位的四種持有方式Four ways a car park is held

  • Almost every car parking dispute comes back to one question never asked at the right time: what, exactly, does the owner hold?
  • Part of the lot, a separate lot, an exclusive use by-law, or a licence: four holdings from the strongest to the weakest.
  • Why terms from other jurisdictions, such as utility lots, do not describe a Queensland car space.
  • 幾乎每宗車位糾紛都回到一個從未在正確時點提出的問題：業主究竟持有甚麼？
  • 單元的一部分、獨立單元、專用使用管理規約或使用許可：由最強到最弱的四種持有方式。
  • 為何其他司法管轄區的用語（如公用單元）不能用以描述昆士蘭的車位。
Sections
2
Guide pages
5–7
Standalone PDF
9 pp · 0.8 MB
Download chapter Read online
02

On-title car parks登記於產權之上的車位

登記於產權之上的車位On-title car parks

  • The strongest arrangement is the simplest: the space sits inside the lot boundary on the survey plan.
  • Watch the boundary on a building format plan, where the boundary is the finished surface.
  • A separate car park lot does not pass with the apartment unless it is in the contract and the transfer.
  • 最強的安排亦最簡單：車位位於測量圖則上的單元界線之內。
  • 留意建築格式圖則上的界線，其界線為完成面。
  • 獨立車位單元不會隨公寓一併移轉，除非載於契約及移轉文件之中。
Sections
3
Guide pages
8–11
Standalone PDF
10 pp · 0.8 MB
Download chapter Read online
03

Exclusive use car parks專用使用車位

專用使用車位Exclusive use car parks

  • What an exclusive use by-law is, how it is made, and where it is recorded in the community management statement.
  • Allocation, reallocation and swaps under a by-law that permits agreed allocations.
  • Electric vehicle chargers in an exclusive use space are an improvement to common property.
  • 何謂專用使用管理規約、如何訂立，以及在社區管理聲明中的記載位置。
  • 在容許協議配置的管理規約下的配置、重新配置與互換。
  • 在專用使用車位安裝電動車充電設備屬對共用部分的改善工程。
Sections
6
Guide pages
12–17
Standalone PDF
12 pp · 0.8 MB
Download chapter Read online
04

The weaker arrangements較弱的安排

較弱的安排The weaker arrangements

  • A lease or licence of common property, and what it gives and does not give.
  • What a Queensland body corporate cannot do: fine an owner, tow a vehicle of its own motion, or make by-laws about visitor parking.
  • Contractual restraints in sale contracts bind only the original buyer.
  • 共用部分的租賃與使用許可，及其所給予與不給予的權利。
  • 昆士蘭業主法人團體不得為之事項：對業主科處罰款、自行拖吊車輛，或就訪客車位訂立管理規約。
  • 買賣契約中的契約性限制僅約束原買方。
Sections
3
Guide pages
18–20
Standalone PDF
9 pp · 0.8 MB
Download chapter Read online
05

Side by side對照表

對照表Side by side

  • The four holdings compared in one table: ownership, sale and rent, maintenance, levies and rates, disclosure and change.
  • The shortest useful answer to the question of what the difference is.
  • Where each arrangement is strongest and where it is weakest.
  • 四種持有方式一表對照：所有權、出售與出租、維護、管理費與市政稅、披露及變更。
  • 「二者有何差異」一問最簡明而有用的答案。
  • 各種安排的強項與弱項所在。
Sections
1
Guide pages
21–22
Standalone PDF
8 pp · 0.7 MB
Download chapter Read online
06

Buying: what to check, and in what order買受：查核事項及其順序

買受：查核事項及其順序Buying: what to check, and in what order

  • The verification chain: a car space is verified by making five documents agree with each other.
  • Seller disclosure under the Property Law Act 2023 since 1 August 2025.
  • What to do when the documents do not agree.
  • 查證鏈：車位的查證，在於使五份文件彼此一致。
  • 《2023年財產法》自2025年8月1日起的賣方披露義務。
  • 文件不一致時的處理。
Sections
3
Guide pages
23–25
Standalone PDF
9 pp · 0.8 MB
Download chapter Read online
07

Owning, renting out and selling持有、出租與出售

持有、出租與出售Owning, renting out and selling

  • Renting the space to someone else: what each holding allows.
  • Who maintains the space and who pays for it.
  • What must be disclosed and carried into the contract on a sale.
  • 將車位出租予他人：各種持有方式所容許的範圍。
  • 由何人維護車位及由何人負擔費用。
  • 出售時須披露及載入契約的事項。
Sections
2
Guide pages
26–27
Standalone PDF
8 pp · 0.7 MB
Download chapter Read online
08

For developers and their advisers開發商及其顧問須知

開發商及其顧問須知For developers and their advisers

  • Everything in chapters 1 to 7 is settled before the first lot is sold: the decision belongs at plan stage.
  • Exclusive use suits almost everything and is the default in Queensland residential schemes; separate lots suit the rest.
  • The weaker alternatives, and what the development approval requires.
  • 第一章至第七章所述的一切，均於首戶出售前已然確定：此一決定屬於測量圖階段。
  • 專用使用適用於幾乎所有情形，並為昆士蘭住宅計劃的常態；其餘情形則以獨立單元處理。
  • 較弱的替代方案，以及開發許可的要求。
Sections
6
Guide pages
28–31
Standalone PDF
10 pp · 0.8 MB
Download chapter Read online
09

Changing the arrangement later嗣後變更安排

嗣後變更安排Changing the arrangement later

  • Swaps and reallocations where the by-law permits agreed allocations.
  • Converting between holdings: what needs a new statement, a resolution without dissent or a new plan.
  • What each change costs in time and approvals.
  • 管理規約容許協議配置時的互換與重新配置。
  • 不同持有方式之間的轉換：何者須新聲明、無異議決議或新圖則。
  • 各項變更所需的時間與批准。
Sections
2
Guide pages
32–33
Standalone PDF
8 pp · 0.7 MB
Download chapter Read online
10

Terms used in this guide本指南所用名詞

本指南所用名詞Terms used in this guide

  • A glossary of the English and Traditional Chinese terms used throughout the guide.
  • Exclusive use, on title, community management statement, building format plan, Schedule E and the rest, each defined in one line.
  • Followed by the partner’s closing test: six questions that must be answerable from documents before a car park is settled.
  • 本指南全篇所用英文與繁體中文名詞對照。
  • 專用使用、登記於產權之上、社區管理聲明、建築格式圖則、附表E等，各以一行釋義。
  • 附合夥人最終測試：車位權屬確定前，六個必須能從文件中回答的問題。
Sections
1
Guide pages
34–35
Standalone PDF
6 pp · 0.7 MB
Download chapter Read online
Also in the series

More in the series.本系列其他指南。

Strata law分層產權法

Queensland Strata Property Guide昆士蘭分層產權物業指南

How strata works in Queensland: the legislation and its history, buying off the plan, duplexes and resort schemes, what to do after settlement, management rights, and how a body corporate and its committee actually operate.昆士蘭分層產權制度：立法沿革、樓花購買、雙拼住宅與度假村項目、交割後行動、管理權，以及業主法人團體及其委員會的實際運作。

Management rights管理權

Queensland Management Rights Assignment Guide昆士蘭管理權轉讓指南

What is actually being assigned, the transfer approval regime, and the transaction seen from the body corporate, the seller and the buyer, and what happens when an assignment fails.轉讓的標的究竟是甚麼、轉讓批准制度，以及從業主法人團體、賣方與買方角度看待的交易，和轉讓失敗時的處理。

Management rights管理權

Queensland Management Rights Variation Guide昆士蘭管理權變更指南

The five things called a variation, the decision framework for top-ups and amendments, the perspectives of the body corporate, the manager and the lot owners, and challenging or defending a variation.被稱為變更的五類事項、續期補足與修訂的決策框架、業主法人團體、管理人與單元業主各自的角度，以及對變更的挑戰與抗辯。