4.1Lease and licence of common property共用部分的租賃與使用許可
共用部分的租賃與使用許可Lease and licence of common property
A body corporate may dispose of an interest in, or lease or licence, common property, subject to the Act and the scheme's regulation module (s 154). The module caps the term that may be granted on a special resolution: three years under the Standard Module, ten years under the Accommodation and Commercial Modules.業主法人團體得依本法及該計劃適用的施行細則，處分共用部分之權益，或就共用部分為租賃或使用許可（第154條）。施行細則就得以特別決議設定的期間定有上限：標準施行細則為三年，住宿及商用施行細則為十年。
This is the sensible route where a scheme has spare spaces and wants to charge for them without committing the common property permanently. It is a contract, not a property right recorded on the scheme's title documents. It ends with its term. It does not pass with the lot on a sale unless it is assigned, and a buyer who assumes otherwise will find the space is not theirs.計劃有餘裕車位、欲收取費用而不願永久處分共用部分時，此為合理的途徑。其性質為契約，而非登錄於計劃產權文件上的財產權；期間屆滿即告終止；除經讓與外，不隨單元於出售時移轉。買方若有相反的認知，將發現該車位並不屬於自己。
4.2Informal allocation非正式配置
非正式配置Informal allocation
The fourth category is not an arrangement at all. A committee minute from 2009. A number stencilled on the wall. A letter from a former manager. An assurance from the seller that space 14 "goes with" unit 6, repeated by three successive owners until everybody believes it.第四類根本稱不上是一種安排。2009年的一份管理委員會會議紀錄；牆上噴印的一個號碼；前任管理人的一封信函；賣方保證第14號車位「隨附於」第6單元，此說經三任業主輾轉相傳，終致眾人信以為真。
None of it creates a right. Common property that has not been allocated by an exclusive use by-law, a lease or a licence is available to all owners, and the body corporate can re-line the basement next year. The owner's remedy, if there is one, is usually against the person who told them otherwise — which is little comfort and expensive to pursue.凡此種種均不創設任何權利。未經專用使用管理規約、租賃或使用許可配置的共用部分，供全體業主使用；業主法人團體明年即可重新劃設地下停車場的車道線。業主若有救濟，通常僅得向當初為相反陳述之人請求——此既無多大實益，追訴成本亦高。
4.3Visitor parking is not available訪客車位不得配置
訪客車位不得配置Visitor parking is not available
Visitor spaces cannot be allocated to owners or occupiers, and the reason is not primarily a body corporate one. The development approval for the building will usually impose a condition requiring a minimum number of visitor spaces to be provided and kept available. Converting them breaches the approval, whatever the body corporate resolves.訪客車位不得配置予業主或住戶，其理由主要並非源於業主法人團體法制。該大樓的開發許可通常設有條件，要求提供並持續保留一定數量的訪客車位。無論業主法人團體作成何種決議，將其變更用途均違反該開發許可。
Adjudicators have consistently held that an owner is not a visitor to their own scheme, including an owner who does not live there. A person who occasionally stays overnight is not an occupier (Summer Waters [2004] QBCCMCmr 244); a person who does so regularly may be (Gresham Gardens [2006] QBCCMCmr 355); and whether a contractor is a visitor depends on who engaged them (127 Charlotte Street [2015] QBCCMCmr 19).裁決官一貫認為，業主並非自身計劃的訪客，縱使該業主並未居住於該處亦然。偶爾留宿之人並非住戶（SummerWaters[2004]QBCCMCmr244）；經常留宿者則可能構成住戶（GreshamGardens[2006]QBCCMCmr355）；承包商是否為訪客，則取決於係由何人委任（127CharlotteStreet[2015]QBCCMCmr19）。
Is a licence or lease of a common property car park in Queensland a property right?在昆士蘭，共用部分車位的使用許可或租賃是否為財產權？
No. A body corporate may lease or licence common property subject to the Act and the scheme's regulation module (s 154), with the term on a special resolution capped at three years under the Standard Module and ten years under the Accommodation and Commercial Modules. It is a contract, not a property right recorded on the scheme's title documents: it ends with its term and does not pass with the lot on a sale unless it is assigned. It is a sensible route where a scheme has spare spaces it wants to charge for, but a buyer who assumes it comes with the lot will find the space is not theirs.不是。業主法人團體得依本法及該計劃適用的施行細則，就共用部分為租賃或使用許可（第154條），以特別決議設定的期間上限為標準施行細則三年、住宿及商用施行細則十年。其性質為契約，而非登錄於計劃產權文件上的財產權：期間屆滿即告終止，除經讓與外，不隨單元於出售時移轉。計劃有餘裕車位而欲收取費用時，此為合理的途徑；但買方若以為該車位隨單元移轉，將發現該車位並不屬於自己。
Does a committee minute, a painted number or a seller's assurance give me a right to a car space in Queensland?在昆士蘭，管理委員會會議紀錄、噴印的號碼或賣方的保證，能否賦予我車位的權利？
No. A committee minute from years ago, a number stencilled on the wall, a letter from a former manager or a seller's assurance that a space "goes with" the unit creates no right at all. Common property that has not been allocated by an exclusive use by-law, a lease or a licence is available to all owners, and the body corporate can re-line the basement next year. The owner's remedy, if there is one, is usually against the person who told them otherwise, which is little comfort and expensive to pursue.不能。多年前的管理委員會會議紀錄、牆上噴印的號碼、前任管理人的信函，或賣方保證某車位「隨附於」某單元，凡此種種均不創設任何權利。未經專用使用管理規約、租賃或使用許可配置的共用部分，供全體業主使用，業主法人團體明年即可重新劃設地下停車場的車道線。業主若有救濟，通常僅得向當初為相反陳述之人請求，此既無多大實益，追訴成本亦高。
Can visitor car parks be allocated to owners in a Queensland scheme?昆士蘭計劃中的訪客車位能否配置予業主？
No. The development approval for the building will usually impose a condition requiring a minimum number of visitor spaces to be provided and kept available, and converting them breaches the approval whatever the body corporate resolves. Adjudicators have consistently held that an owner is not a visitor to their own scheme, including an owner who does not live there; a person who occasionally stays overnight is not an occupier, a person who does so regularly may be, and whether a contractor is a visitor depends on who engaged them.不能。該大樓的開發許可通常設有條件，要求提供並持續保留一定數量的訪客車位，無論業主法人團體作成何種決議，將其變更用途均違反該開發許可。裁決官一貫認為，業主並非自身計劃的訪客，縱使該業主並未居住於該處亦然；偶爾留宿之人並非住戶，經常留宿者則可能構成住戶，承包商是否為訪客則取決於係由何人委任。
Can a Queensland body corporate fine an owner or tow a car parked in visitor parking?昆士蘭的業主法人團體能否對業主科處罰款，或拖吊停在訪客車位的車輛？
No. A Queensland body corporate cannot fine an owner, cannot tow a vehicle of its own motion, and cannot impose time limits on visitor parking that the by-laws do not support. Enforcement runs through contravention notices and, if that fails, an application to the Commissioner's office for an adjudicator's order.不能。昆士蘭的業主法人團體不得對業主科處罰款、不得逕行拖吊車輛，亦不得就訪客車位設定管理規約所不支持的時間限制。執行須循違規通知的途徑；如仍無效，則向專員辦公室申請裁決官命令。
This guide is general information about Queensland law. It is not legal advice and cannot be relied on as advice about any particular scheme, lot or transaction. Schemes differ, and the answer for any given car space is found in that scheme’s own survey plan, community management statement and body corporate records. Obtain independent Queensland legal advice before signing, settling, or changing a parking arrangement. Where the English and Chinese texts differ, the English text governs. 本指南為昆士蘭法律之一般性資訊，並非法律意見，亦不得作為就任何特定計劃、單元或交易的意見。各計劃情況不同，任何車位的答案，須從該計劃本身的測量圖則、社區管理聲明及業主法人團體紀錄中尋找。簽署契約、辦理交割或變更車位安排前，應取得獨立的昆士蘭法律意見。如中英文本有異，概以英文為準。